Food Security

Answer: Examples for the Nutri-cereals are

1. Jowar
2. Rag
3. Bajra

Question 34.
Give any two examples, which give vitamins?

Answer: Fruits, Leafy vegetables, sprouts, unpolished rice. Etc

Question 1.
What are the measures you suggest for improving the present public distribution system?

Answer: Suggestions

1. Provide ration cards only to the poor and vulnerable groups
2. Check every month whether they are rationed in effective manner or not
3. Quantity supplied by the government should be increased
4. Remove the fake cards

Question 2.
Observe the bar diagram and answer the questions. Calorie Intake per person in rural India?

Question (a) What percentage of people In rural India are consuming more calories than are required?

Answer: 20%

Question (b) What Is the reason for consuming less calories than are required in rural India?

Answer:

1. The major reason for low-calorie intake is the lack of purchasing power of the people
2. People dont have adequate incomes to buy food
3. The reasons are poverty, unemployment, etc

Question 3.
Analyze a weeks food habits of your family. And write how It Impacts on Agriculture sector and environment?

Answer: Family food habits:

1. Rice and red gram, vegetables, milk, curd, eggs. etc
2. For breakfast. idly, dosa, chapati, etc
3. Sometimes some members take non-vegetarian food

1. For increasing of food grains and vegetables production farmers are using pesticides and fertilizers. Due to this soil loses its fertility
2. For increasing of milk production farmers follow artificial methods. Those methods cause harm to the animals

1. Excessive use of chemicals causes water, air pollutions
2. Bio-diversity is affected very highly
3. Deforestation

Question 4.
Write a letter to the concerned officer for the proper implementation of Public Distribution System In your area?

Answer: Siricilla. 31st March 2018. To The Taslidar. Mandai Revenue Office. Siricilla. Sub: PDS - irregular functioning of ration shop in our locality - Request or take action to regularize the functioning of the shop -reg. Respected sir, I am from Subhashnagar, Sincilla. I would like to bring the following to your notice and favorable action. The ration shop under the Public Distribution System running In our locality is not functioning well. In our locality the ration shop is always kept closed, Many cardholders come eager to get their commodities. As the shop is closed they return scolding the government and the dealer. They are going to open market and purchase their commodities there. They lose the wages for that day also. Very often the shop is open but not all the commodities are even. Sometimes they are collecting more prices. Kerosene is being sold in open market. Hence I request you to take necessary action to regulate the functioning of the ration shop and make it useful to the rural poor people. By doing so, the real purpose of POS is served, I hope you take immediate and favorable action. Thanking you sir, Yours truly, .......... Address on the envelope: To The Tasildar, Siricilla Mandai, Siricilla

Question 5.
Prepare a pamphlet to bring awareness among the people on food security in India?

Answer: Pamphlet Food Security In India National Food Security Act 2013 legalises the peoples night to food According to this Act White, Pink, Anthyodaya cards are distributed to the needy on identification. Free cooked meal for pregnant women, lactating mothers, children 1-5 in Anganwadi is supplied. Many ration shops are not open on proper timings. There will be no display of prices list and stock of commodities. The cardholders come to ration shops, and as they are closed, they get back to their home without commodities They lose their wages for that day also. The shop dealers are diverting the commodities to other shops in the market. Many times it Is seen in newspapers and channels but no change is found with the dealers Mid-day meals in schools is also like that. The minimum quantity of pulses and oil are not used. The watery curries are served. No one cares about it. People should get awareness about this. Many non Government organisations are working for the benefit of society. Government should organize campaign about this. No. of copies 5000 Published by Society for people

Question 6.
How is food security ensured in India?

Answer: Food security is being ensured in India by using following methods

• By improving production
• By maintaining buffer stock
• By Public Distribution System

Question 7.
What is the position of Indias per capita availability of food grains compared to other countries?

Answer:

1. Indias per capita availability of food grains in 2010-11 was 463 grams
2. It was very low when compared to the same of countries in Europe (700 grams) and USA (850 grams)
3. Since resources are diverted to non-food-grain uses, foodgrain production has come down
4. The decline In the level of per capita availability of food grains is something to be worried about for Indias food security
5. To avoid this, the policy of government should aim to increase the production of food grains and other types of food simultaneously

Question 8.
What has to be done in order to increase the per-hectare yield of a crop?

Answer: In order to increase the per-hectare yield of a crop, necessary inputs have to provided in a judicious manner. One way is to expand irrigation but use water in a manner so that this vital resource is shared and made available to all

Question 9.
Which have led to continuous but unsustainable increase in the yield levels?

Answer: Some scientists and people working in the field of agriculture report that the way rice and wheat are cultivated in india by intensive and unscientdic application of chemical fertilisers and insecticides have led to a continuous but unsustainable increase in the yield levels

Question 10.
How is the availability of food grains for the year estimated?

Answer: It is estimated as follows, Availability of foodgrains for the year = Production of foodgrains during me year (production - seed, feed, and wastage) + net imports (imports - exports) - change in stocks with the government (closing stock at the year-end - opening stock at the beginning)

Question 11.
Write your comments on the Food Security Bill?

Answer: The Food Security Bill promises to alleviate hunger and guarantee very cheap food to Indias poor people. But there are concerns it has not been properly thought through and become unsustainable. Under the programme everyone who qualifies for the subsidy will be entitled to 5 kg in total of rice, wheat, etc. The government intends to use the PDS be delivering subsidies to the poor

Question 12.
Write your comments on P.D.S?

Answer: The urbanization of Indias population Is pushing households both rural and urban into greater food security. The Public Distribution System (PDS) has helped in stabilizing food prices and making food available to consumers at affordable prices. It has helped in avoiding hunger-arid famine by supplying food from surplus regions of the country to deficient regions. The share of PDS in the consumption of rice and wheat has risen steeply. I think this PDS is working effectively throughout the nation

Question 13.
The Indian government came out with a new law ¡n 2013 called the National Food Security Act to legalize peoples right to food. What do you suggest to implement this Act?

Answer: My suggestions

1. Subsidy rice should be given to the people of low-income grot
2. More rice should be even to very poor people
3. Dal, oil, tamarind, and jaggery, etc. also should be supplied to these people through POS
4. MDM scheme should be implemented with more effort

Question 14.
Our country could not achieve self-sufficiency in the production of food grains even today. Illustrate your reasons?

Answer:

1. Foodgrains production is not proportional when compared to the rate of population growth
2. There is no proper water management
3. Farmers are following traditional methods
4. Fragmentation of Landholdings
5. Improper manuring and low application of fertilizers

Question 15.
State any two defects, which you find in the organisation of Publlc Distribution System?

Answer:

1. Selling with higher prices
2. Cheating in the process of weighing
3. Selling ration goods in the black markets
4. Ineligible candidates holding white cards
5. Only few days distribution is following

Question 16.
If the food grain production is affected because of natural calamity, in what ways can the Government ensure higher availability of food grains?

Answer:

1. The FCI releases the buffer stock
2. By bringing supplies from other areas
3. Through a universal PDS system, the low cost food grains would be available
4. The Anthyodaya Card holders are entitled to get 35 Kgs. of food grains per month per family

Question 1.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion on it. While Indian Parliament enacts various Laws such as National Food Security Act an implements schemes such as Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) in recent times, the Nathan Judidary also has become proactive in ensuring food security. Through Judicial verdict as court cases filed by nongovernmental organizations, the supreme Court directed all the state governments and central government to provide midday meals to all the young children studying n schools?

Answer:

1. The Indian government came out with a new law in 2013 called the National Food Security Act to legalise peoples Right to Food
2. It applies to approximately 2/3rd of the population of India
3. Every person of low-income families Is entitled to Skgs of foodgrains per month at subsichsed rates
4. The poorest fairways are entitled to 35 kgs of food grains
5. For a few years, the central government supply rice, wheat and millets for Rs. 3/-, Rs. 2/-, and Rs. 1/- respectively
6. If the government is not able to arrange food grains, it will give cash for the people to buy food grains

Providing free cooked meals for pregnant women, lactating mothers, children aged 1-6 coning to Anganwadi, and mid-day meals for children aged 6-14 years in schools

Question 2.
How far is Food Security required today in India?

Answer: Due to increase of more population food security is need nowadays. The following factors are responsible

1. Per person availability of foodgrains has actually not risen but declined in the recent years
2. Most people are in lad consuming fewer calories than required. This gap is severe for the poorest
3. Due to lack of employment or with low salaries majority of people are not able to purchase required foodgrains
4. In some areas, PDS system is not working properly
5. A large section of people are malnourished, even when we have adequate food in the country
6. Majority of children and adults are bewigging underweight r a chronic way. On above issues, food security is required today

Question 3.
Observe the given table and answer the question that follows. Crop Production (Kilograms per Hectare)?

Write an analysis on the yielding trends of different crops

Answer:

1. The above table
2. explains the crop production m 1950-51 and 2000-2001 kgs per hectare
3. Paddy production increased highly, and wheat production also increased. Pulses production increase a 100 kgs only. Oil seeds production increased dole. Cotton production also increased double. Jute production also increased

Due to Green Revolution, the crop production Increased gradually within the 50 years. Among the all wheat & paddy production increased because of both are benefited with Green Revolution. Food grain production also increased

Question 4.
Analyse how the Public Distribution System provides access to food to the poor?

Answer: It is a joint responsibility of central government, state government and union territory administration to ensure the smooth functioning of the PDS. While the responsibility of central government is to procure, store and transport it from purchase points to central godowns. the responsibility of state government and union territory administrations is to lift these commodities from Hie central godowns and distribute them to consumers through the network of fair price shops

FCI procures and distributes food grains, to provide subsidized food to the poor to mitigate regional inequalities through moving the surplus food to deficit areas and to stabilize agricultural prices. The universal coverage of PDS was replaced by Targeted Real Public Distribution System In 1997 in order to achieve the objective of food security through sale of foodgrains to APL householders at economic cost and confirming the food subsidy bill toward the identified BPL families whose number crossed 97 million families in 2007

1. National Food Security Act legalizes peoples right to food
2. It is applicable to 2/3rd of the population of India
3. PDS ensures availability of food grains to the poor at subsidised rates
4. Antyodaya cardholders are entitled to get 35 kgs of food grains (rice or wheat) per month per family
5. Every person of low-income families is entitled to 5 kilograms of foodgrains per month at subsidised rates
6. 75% of people living in rural areas purchase food grains through PDS
7. 50% of urban population purchases food grains through POS
8. PDS helps in maintaining nutrition status of the people
9. Studies indicate that southern states of India have a good record in PDS

Question 5.
Observe the information given in the table and analyse. Table: Per person avvIabthty of food grains in  India?

Answer: Table Analysis:

1. In 1951 the population of India was 361 million and the food grains production was 50.8 millions and 395 grams of food grains were available to a person per a day
2. The population increased in 1961. It was 78 millions. At the same time food grains production increased 32 million tons. The availability of food grains per person per a day was 489 grams
3. In 1971, 1991, and 2011 the population increased. At the same time the food grains production also increased. But in 1961, 1971 the availability of food grains was same not Increased
4. From 1991 to 2011 the availability of food grains decreased due to floods, famines, natural calamities. More population was also another cause

Till 1991 the population, food grains production, and availability of food grains per person per day increased. But in 2011 only the population and food grains production increased, Availability of food grains drastically decreased

The first requirement to a country is to be able to produce food grains for the whole population. Per-person availability of food grains should be sufficient and also increasing over the years, From the information given above, it Is evident that per-person availability of food grains is decreasing since 2011

So Government should take necessary measures in this regard. It should encourage the farmers to produce more food grains. There should be control on exports also. Sometimes local people suffer for food grains but the government exports the food grains to other countries to import what they need. It is the minimum duty of the welfare government to keep food grains available to its people that to, especially the poor

Question 6.
How is the National Food Security Act beIng Implemented at present?

Answer: National Food Security Act 2013 legalized peoples Right to Food. It covers 2/3rd of Indian population. Different cards like White, Pink. Anthyodaya are given to the people based on their economic and social status. Free cooked meals for pregnant women, lactating mothers, children aged 1-6 through anganwadis

Though the intention of the government is good, there are many problems in implementation. Many ration shops are not opened on the specified timings. Stock display and prices are not shown. The rural poor women come to ration shop early in the morning to take their ration from the shop and as it is not opened they lose the day for earning. They get neither the ration nor the work. Sometimes the rice is diverted to black market. Many times it is seen in the newspapers and TV channels. There is an opinion among the people that there is a relationship between political leaders, influential people and the dealers of the ration shops. Sometimes low quality grains are supplied

Mid-Day Meal in government schools is also one of the PDS. In many schools, it is not as per expectations. The agencies are not following the norms. Minimum ingredients are not used in meal. There is no quality at all. Many students in schools bring curry and pickles from home and only rice they take from mid-meal agency. Low-quality curries are served to students

Question 7.
Classify the food we consume?

Answer: Food is required by the body for all its functions- for energy, growth, and the capacity to remapi, healthy and fight illness. The food that we consume is normally classified as: Carbohydrates: that provide energy, through wheat, rice, ragi, jowar, oils, sugar, fats, etc, Proteins: that help growth and regeneration of body tissues, through beans, dals, meat, eggs, tce, wheat, etc

Vitamins: that provide protection and ensure the working of many vital systems of tile body, through foods such as fruits, leafy vegetables, sprouts, unpolished rice, etc, Minerals are required in small quantities for many important functions such as iron for blood formation. This is provided through green leafy vegetables. ragi. Etc

Question 8.
What are the salient features of Food Security Bill?

Answer:

1. The Indian government came out with a new law 2013 called the National Food Security Act to legalise peoples Right to Food
2. It applies to approximately 2/3rd of the population of India
3. Every person of low-income familles is entitled to Skgs of foodgrains per month at subsidised rates
4. The poorest families are entitled to 35 kgs of foodgrains
5. For a few years, the central government supply rice, wheat and millets for Rs. 3/- ,Rs. 2/- and Rs. 1/- respectively
6. If government Is not able to arrange food grains, it will give cash for the people to buy food grains
7. Providing tree-cooked meals for pregnant women, lactating mothers, children aged 1-6 coming to Anganwadi and mid-day meals for children aged 6-14 years in schools

Question 9.
What are the rules and regulations implemented by lunch to access food to the people?

Answer:

1. Governments established Public Distribution System to make food accessible to people
2. It also brought Food Security Act in 2013
3. It covers 2/3 of the population
4. Lower-income families receive 5 kg rice per person at subsidised price
5. The very poor families receive 35 kg rice per month per family
6. Pregnant women, lactating mothers, children coming to Anganwadi centres, students to schools are given food.

Question 10.
How does Indian judiciary work to implement food security?

Answer:

1. Indian judiciary has become pro-active n ensuring food security
2. Supreme Court directed all the state governments and central government to provide mid-day meals to all the young children in the schools
3. When state governments refused to implement this scheme court asked to set up a monitoring mechanism
4. They asked the food to be provided hot and cooked in hygienic and nutritious
5. It also ruled that preference be given to Dalit cooks, widows, and destitute women
6. To generate revenue tar this scheme court directed the Indian government to impose taxes

Question 11.
Read the following paragraph and write your comments. It is also important to ensure that soil and other natural resources are not damaged or depleted in the process. Some scientists and people working in the field of agriculture report that the way rice and wheat are cultivated in India - by Intensive and unscientific application of chemical fertilizers and insecticIdes - have led to a continuous but unsustainable increase in the yield levels. In fact, these methods have led to soil degradation and depletion of ground waler resources. If this continues, we may soon come to a situation that yields start falling rather than going up?

Answer: The given paratransit says that improper usage of chemical fertilizers and insecticides causes for damage of cultivable soil and depletion of groundwater levels. If these methods are followed continuously there will be no groundwater resources. As a result of this Process, the yields start coming down

My comments on this paragraph are as follows: The population is growing day by day. Cultivable land is not increasing in that proportion. The foodgrain production is to be increased. A part of green revolution It has become compulsory for the farmers to use fertilizers and pesticides to grow more crops. As the farmers are using electric pumps for irrigation, the underground water is being depleted. We should not say that they dont use the pesticides but we can say those alternate ways are to be found out

Instead of using chemical fertilizers, the farmers should use go for organic farming. Compost is to be encouraged. Multiple cropping ¡s also one alternative. Cultivable land is to be expanded by changing the wastelands as farming lands. Diversification In crops is also to be taken up. If we grow more paddy, it needs much water. Better to grow other crops which need less water

Question 12.
Read the following paragraph and interpret. The first requirement for a country is to able to produce foodgrains for the whole of it population. How do we measure whether there is enough food for all or not? Whether this food reaches families or not would be examined later. We are at first estimating what is available. This means that per person (or per capita) availability of foodgrains the country should be sufficient arid also Increasing over the years. Is the increase in foodgrain avaliablity really happening?

Answer: According to the paragraph, every country should produce the foodgrains how much it needs. Every country should examine two things. The first one is how much foodgrains are produced with the country and the second one is how it is reaching to the people. The government should check whether the food grains are sufficient to the people or not

Many countries dont concentrate on this sensitive issue. It is very primary thing to look In to the matter of foodgrain production and its availability. It sufficient foodgrain production is there In a country, definitely, the stock in market will be sufficient and the prices also at normal level. When the production is less than the need or demand, automatically the prices go up. The rich can purchase but it will be the problem for the poor people and they dont purchase

Government shod encourage the farmers to produce more food grains. There should be control on exports also. Sometimes local people suffer for foodgrains but the government exports the Ioodgrains to other countries to import what they need It is the minimum duty of me welfare government to keep foodgrains available to its people that to especially the poor

Question 13.
Read the following paragraph and write your opinion on It. It is said that there is a change in consumption patterns with people demanding more fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, poultry, and fisheries, This is a good sign for the consumers as well as producers. Consumers need a diverse food basket and a balanced diet. Farmers producing foodgrains can go br crop diversification in order to increase their incomes?

Answer: The paragraph says that the people demand different types of food like vegetarian and non-vegetarian food. Taking flus type of food is a good sign. By utilizing this diverse food, the people maintain good health. The farmers should produce different type of foodgrains also

There is a lot of gap between the production of foodgrains and its availability. The pattern mentioned in this paragraph is good for health but the problem is its availability. The access of food is very less when it is compared to the Nutritionists suggestions. Farmers should pay attention on poultry, fishing, and dairy as there are so many opportunities for thorn. Farmers require support in terms of inputs and market opportunities for diversification to other food items. They should be free from market risks

In agriculture, there is a shift from food crops to commercial crops. Many farmers are concentrating on commercial crops. Consequently, there will be a scarcity of food grains. Foodgrains are to be grown to what extent It s necessary. Cotton production is more than that of paddy. It It is continued, there will be no sufficient food gains. So need-based cultivation is necessary

Question 14.
Read the following paragraph and write your comments. The national average calorie levels in both rural and urban areas are below the needed calorie requirements. Also, the consumption of calories has gone down between 1983 and 2004. This is shocking since as we have seen that our economy is growing at a rapid rate. Production of goods and services has increased multiple times?

Answer: This paragraph tells us that the people en rural and urban areas are not taking sufficient calories intake in their diet. It is surprising that the economy is growing but calorie intake is decreasing. Production is increasing but consumption is decreasing

According to the reports of nutritionists, it is clearly understood that the people are not consuming as per requirements. Irrespective of caste, religion, region, and gender the rich people take more than requirement but the problem is with the poor people. Normally the calculations are done In an average. The average hides some realities. The purchasing power of the poor people is less. They dont have adequate income to buy the food commodities and so they dont take sufficient calories

Government should take new steps to he the poor people. The PDS function Wig should be made correct. Irregularities are to be rectified. Quality commodities are to be provided at cheaper prices